tứ khổ

Definition

1. Noun:
   • The Four Sufferings: A fundamental Buddhist concept denoting the four universal and inescapable types of human suffering: birth, aging, sickness, and death.

Usage Examples

• Noun:
  • Giáo lý nhà Phật giảng giải về tứ khổ. (Buddhist doctrine teaches about the Four Sufferings.)
  • Sinh, lão, bệnh, tử chính là tứ khổ. (Birth, aging, sickness, and death are precisely the Four Sufferings.)

Advanced Usage

• The term is primarily used in religious, philosophical, or literary contexts to discuss the nature of human existence from a Buddhist perspective.

Variants and Related Words

• Tứ Diệu Đế (n): The Four Noble Truths, the core Buddhist teaching which includes the truth of suffering ().
• Bát Khổ (n): The Eight Sufferings, an expanded enumeration that includes the four plus other sufferings like separation from loved ones.

Synonyms

• The Four Afflictions
• The Four Miseries
• The Four Types of Dukkha (using the Pali term for suffering)

Related Concepts

• Samsara: The cycle of rebirth, characterized by the continual experience of these sufferings.
• Nirvana: Liberation from the cycle of samsara and its inherent sufferings.